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G. Bateson erläutert seinen Informationsbegriff der Unterschied, der den Unterschied macht anhand des folgenden Beispiels:
Information nenne ich die Steuerungsenergie unter funktionalem Aspekt, also als deutender Beobachter, Signal nenne ich die Energie unter dem Aspekt der Funktionsweise, also als konstruierender Beobachter. |
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Hinweis:
Ich habe bei G. Bateson keinen Hinweis darauf gefunden, dass ihm bewusst war, dass er mit seiner Formulierung die Funktionsweise des Transistors beschrieben hat. Ich lese G. Bateson so, nicht wissend, was ihm recht wäre. Ich sehe darin eine konsequente Leseweise, die daran anschliesst, dass ich G. Bateson als Kybernetiker sehe. Autoren können meines Erachtens nicht bestimmen, wie ihre Texte zu lesen sind. Während beispielsweise Ernst von Glasersfeld J. Piagets Werk "radikaler" begriffen hat als J. Piaget selbst und so den "Radikalen Konstruktivismus" erfunden hat, habe ich das Konzept der sekundären Energie in "Technische Intelligenz" entwickelt, ohne dabei an G. Bateson zu denken. Es geht mir also nicht um eine "radikale" Leseweise, die G. Bateson nicht teilen würde.
From: constructivism-bounces@lists.univie.ac.at [mailto:constructivism-bounces@lists.univie.ac.at] On Behalf Of Rolf Todesco
Sent: Monday, March 19, 2007 6:55 PM
Dear Rolf,
The Shannon-type information is uncertainty contained in a distribution. One can also consider this as a probabilistic entropy. The distribution is composed of differences.
Bateson defined information not as a difference (or a set of differences), but as a difference which makes a difference. Something can only make a difference for a system. The Shannon-definition precedes the notion of a system: bits are dimensionless. A difference which makes a difference is meaningful information for the system for which it makes a difference. In other words, it is observed information (observed by the system for which it makes a difference). Shannon-type information is the expected information value of a distribution. It is a mathematical concept.
With best wishes,
Loet
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Dear Loet
> you wrote (and you wrote the same earlier):
> PS. According to Luhmann a communication is composed of three elements:
> "information", "message", and "understanding". (Information is defined not
> as Shannon-type, but Bateson-type information, that is, "a difference which
> makes a difference"). It seems to me that "understanding" is also a
> semantically problematic category because this presumes a receiver or, in
> other words, a human being. "Understanding" by the communication is not
> defined otherwise than as including "misunderstanding" and leading to next
> communications ("Anschlussfaehigkeit").
What is the difference between Shannon-type and Bateson-type of information?
I thought that C. Shannon did not say anything about information, but only
about how to measure information (entropy, Informationsgehalt), whereas
G. Bateson described the cybernetic context of the Shannon/Hartley-Formula,
namely the transistor-relay-function.
Maybe you can give me a hint?
Best wishes
Rolf